Perception Paradigm Essays - Sexual Health, HIVAIDS, Sexual Acts

Discernment Paradigm Numerous hypotheses and much exploration has been led on contraception by and large, and all the more as of late on condoms specifically, because of the AIDS pandemic (Lear, 1995). Condom utilization and AIDS instruction are fundamental apparatuses for decreasing the effect of the illness, yet less than 33% of explicitly dynamic understudies report reliable condom use (Seal and Palmer-Seal, 1996). It appears that explicitly dynamic people once in a while examine more secure sex or get some information about their accomplice's sexual movement before participating in sexual action (Seal and Palmer-Seal, 1996). This brings up certain issues with regards to the beginning of the evasion of more secure sex conversation. It has been discovered that the relational responses of sexual accomplices, as opposed to the less immediate contemplations of AIDS chance, impact mentalities towards condoms and condom utilization (Casteneda and Collins, 1995). These individual connections among accomplice s in a sexual relationship are a consequence of mentalities each accomplice conveys about sex, contraception and a sexual relationship itself. Mentalities can be discovered by methods for individual recognition assessments, which present the practices of an objective individual (e.g., presenting a condom) and classify the social implications forced on the entertainer inside the circumstance (Castenada and Collins, 1995). So as to precisely assess the social implications inside a sexual relationship utilizing an individual recognition worldview, the worldview itself, just as the correspondence designs about the relationship and condom utilization must be evaluated. Individual Perception Paradigm and This Study The adequacy of the individual observation worldview for precisely assembling the social implications inferred by specific activities has been demonstrated in past examination (Collins address). While most exploration legitimately asks members what they think, individual observation contemplates an increasingly unpretentious methods for picking up the members responses. The current investigation utilized an individual recognition test to assess the mentalities of members about ladies in a sexual relationship when she either proposed a condom, or said nothing regarding contraception, while communicating either concern or saying nothing regarding her passionate state. There were four various potential sorts of circumstances that the male eyewitnesses could have been given: the concerned female who didn't propose a condom, the concerned female who stated, I have a condom with me, the female who said nothing and didn't propose a condom, and the female who said nothing regarding her enthusiastic state, yet said she had a condom with her. These females were then assessed by male spectators on different parts of her apparent character. Guys appraised the females on such things as, on the off chance that they were dynamic or aloof, in the event that they were indiscriminate or not, and so on. No other exploration has tended to a sexual circumstance where la dies talk about their sentiments and present a condom in an individual recognition worldview. It will be fascinating to perceive how the male members survey the circumstance. This examination utilized six distinct scales contained separate things so as to precisely evaluate the recognitions the male eyewitnesses held about the female targets. The scales were a Sexual engaging quality scale, which decided how explicitly alluring the lady was, an Obligation scale, which decided the degree to which the lady was dependable, an Assumes responsibility scale, which surveyed the male spectator's thoughts regarding how dynamic the ladies in the circumstances were and two different scales which evaluated how Decent and Energizing the lady was. It is speculated that there will be high connections between's the different things inside every one of these scales, which shows that the things will quantify comparable properties. Be that as it may, there will be low connections between's any two scales and between any things and a different scale, which will show that the scales were estimating various qualities. Past Research on the Person Perception Paradigm Past examination has discovered that individuals do settle on decisions dependent on the prophylactic decisions that target

The Top 3 management principle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Top 3 administration guideline - Essay Example The main three administration rules that can make predominant medicinal services chiefs are key and operational arranging and dynamic, execution the board, and change the executives since they make administrators mindful of and receptive to both inner and outside administration and authority needs. The primary significant administration guideline is vital and operational arranging and dynamic since they consolidate the elements of directors as â€Å"managers† and â€Å"leaders.† Management is separated from authority since administrators are worried of arranging and overseeing every day activities, while pioneers are worried of driving basic hierarchical and additionally ecological changes. An unrivaled social insurance supervisor must be both: a pioneer who can deliver key plans that manage changes in and outside the association and a chief who can turn these designs to useful activity plans and who can screen, assess, and direct their every day applications (Liebler and McConnell 92). A model is making the key arrangement of robotizing the data arrangement of the medical clinic that utilizes conventional paper positions, while an operational arrangement is having an exhaustive monetary operational administration plan that will manage up and coming spending cuts. These plans, likewise, are distinctive in their degree, time allotment, and tedium levels. Key plans are wide, made for long haul objectives, and single-standing, while operational plans are explicit, transient targets that are rehashed, except if vital changes are made. These plans, in addition, require settling on vital and operational choices (Liebler and McConnell 116-117). A vital choice is picking what street to take, while an operational choice is picking how best to take the excursion on that particular street. Without center and lower level supervisors who can't settle on operational choices or when upper administration is called to help choose

Web Portal

Web Portal Web Portal Home›Technology Posts›Web Portal Technology PostsA web portal is a web site that functions as a point of access to information on the World Wide Web. A portal presents information from diverse sources in a unified way to the user. An affinity portal is a Web site that has portal functions, such as news headlines and Web search capabilities, but provides content focusing on a company profile and may also include the companys products. It would be good for Club IT because it would enable all who visit the site to get to know and get more information about the club online without even visiting the club physically. This kind of a portal would also benefit the club since it would serve as an advertising site for the club and give it a big enough space to show just about all that it has to offer in terms of services and since many more people are using the internet as a search tool, it would bring in more clients for the club.At the least cost of just starting up, there wou ld be a readily available platform for advertising for the club. Corportal is short for corporate portal. This is a portal that is available for use by the company staff and may hold company information that the staff of Club IT can access. It is also economical in that it can be used as a way to pass information between different members of staff since all they would have to do is post their information and all the other staff can access the same once they are logged into the company portal. Many corporations are building and, in some cases, rebuilding their Web sites along the model of the enterprise information portal which is a model that emphasizes the exploitation of a companys information resources by both the enterprise employees and outsiders who are allowed access.A corportal can be internal, which is also known as an intranet, a public site, or, with appropriate safeguards the two may be combined. Corporate Portals also offer customers and employees the comfort of having and accessing self-service opportunities. A mobile portal is a portal that enables one to access the company website on their mobile phones. This would be really good for Club IT because most of their clients and those that they target are technologically savvy people who have high tech phones which would as such enable them to access the Clubs site on their phones at anytime and anywhere. Club IT would benefit a lot if they had an active blog for the club.This is because from the research collected it would be a good platform for the club patrons to exchange ideas and information about the club. The club management would also be in a better position to share new things with their clients. The management would also learn more about what they clients want and change for the better to remain relevant to their client base. The club should as such think of sponsoring an active blog for the club as it would be advantageous for the club in the long run.Business-to-business transactions ar e over the time becoming more and more inclined to electronic modes of payments which is because even businesses are leaning more to the electronics mode. Any technologically savvy supplier would be in a position to receive payments through e-payment sources like moneybookers service that the Club can pay through at almost no extra charges. An e-payment from a guest to the club can be through the use of a credit card and this does not require the use of cash money and the paid money is electronically forwarded from the client account to the clubs account. Club IT would find it an advantage if it used only e-payments since it would be safer as there would never be any break ins since it would not have to deal with paper money.The club management would also have an easier time in tracing the money trail of the club as just a simple print out from their account from the bank would show all the payments made out of the account and all moneys sent into the account thus ease of monetary r econciliation. Club IT should involve itself with sysco which is a site that assists businesses to place orders online as it would make the work of dealing with separate suppliers easier. The club would be able to find experienced and competent suppliers who can be vetted by other businesses thus in the end the club would be able to get the best suppliers who are most probable to deliver the best services to the club. The site would also be a good platform for the club to get to know newer things that keep happening in the business world as these are shared by the different companies that use the platform.The Club IT will also benefit from the wealth of experience that sysqo has gathered over the years because it only deals with the best in the business world and only the best companies are hosted in the site. The Club IT being a club that deals with young clients is under pressure to provide new and technologically savvy services for its young clientele to keep up with the ever inc reasing and changing demand from the clients. It is important that the club also engages its staff in the newer methods of doing business as they are the people who represent the business and are the ones that get into direct contact with the club patrons when they visit the club for services. For the survival of the club, change is inevitable and it has to accept to embrace new technology as it comes.

The Problem Of The Criminal Justice System - 930 Words

It is impossible to know the exact components that contribute to crime. There are a variety of known factors that play a role, such as physical, sexual and substance abuse, poverty, lack of education and mental health. Solutions needs to be found for each different factor. When considering our nations criminal justice system, it is vital that we focus more on providing mental health care, education, drug treatment, and counseling, rather than forcing all delinquents into jails and prisons. Imposing a life of loneliness, separation, and discrimination is harmful. These things do not promote change for the better. Optimism, effort and opportunity allow for change. This country has a broken criminal Justice System. Our criminal justice system benefit’s our country by allowing residents to know that crime is taken seriously. Prisons work to discourage people from committing crimes, or at least to not get caught. It is accurate to seek punishment to prevent people from doing bad th ings. It is necessary that everyone can feel safe. Humans need consequences for their actions. In the interest of all people, this has been the original intention of our justice system. Although, as a result of this approach, it is understood that in the United States of America, we have the highest percentage of incarceration in the world. The fact is, there is no proof that this is helping society by ending or preventing crime. The protection society needs is dependent upon rehabilitation. ThereShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of The Criminal Justice System991 Words   |  4 PagesThe criminal justice system in the United States of America has major disparities that are negatively affecting our nation, specifically, those individuals who come from a low-socioeconomic status and who oftentimes end up involved in one way or another, with our correctional system. The reality many poverty-stricken individuals and prison inmates face today, along with the research that has been conducted b y prominent scholars, show that there is dire need for systematic change, which in turn raisesRead MoreThe Problem Of Criminal Justice System882 Words   |  4 PagesSince the dawn of man crime has been a problem. Even though most people have some basic sense of what is right and what is wrong, crime still occurs. All the way back to the ancient code of Hammurabi man has tried to understand, classify, and appropriately punish crime. The bible itself includes a detailed set of rules, or commandments, about what was legal and what wasn’t. There are many ideas and schools of thought that surround the idea of criminal justice. Initially the main goals of these schoolsRead MoreProblems Facing The Criminal Justice System Essay2455 Words   |  10 Pages Problems And Solutions In Criminal Justice The problems surrounding the criminal justice system range from a variety of issues in different areas of the system. But i believe they are all connected back to a societal problem, that has to do with a outdated philosophical notion â€Å"redemptive violence†. I will break down each aspect, which i find most troubling. I will cover problems between policing and peacekeeping, corrections options, and the issue of redemptive violence which is a major issueRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Is Viewed As A Black Problem993 Words   |  4 Pagestakes place within the criminal justice system, such as early release dates for drug charges and non-violent crimes (Mauer, 2011). The incarceration rates in the United States are â€Å"three to four times that of other industrialized nations,† and the punishment scale is viewed as â€Å"out of proportion to that of other industrialized nation† (Mauer, 2011). Mauer (2011) reported â€Å"in many respects the driving force of mass incarceration is the racial dynamic of criminal justice policy.† He points outRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Is Not A Problem That The Us And Other Countries970 Words   |  4 PagesCorrectional Systems Wrongful conviction is a problem that the US and other countries. The individual are saved from death row when new evidence arrives or when evidence that was provided is proved to be false. Judges have always been expected to decipher and correctly judge every case, specifically pertaining to criminal acts. The expectations derive from the nature of individuals lives being in the hands of the judgment of the particular judge. Research on cases has revealed particular circumstancesRead MoreHow Criminal Justice System Works And How It Has Problems Essay2095 Words   |  9 PagesCrow. Before I read this book, I was not aware of how criminal justice system works or how does it has problems. This book presents the how criminal justice works and how it has problems, in any kind of criminal just system from law enforcement to jury system, Especially against minorities. The introduction of book starts with how she starts to write this book. When she started her job at ACLU, she realized that our criminal justice system has racial bias against minorities. Most importantly, sheRead MoreCriminal Justice System : A Social Problem Within The African American Community2025 Words   |  9 PagesAny criminal justice system reflects its society and its times. Currently, in my culture, the African American culture, people commit crimes for the number one reason being to feed their families. What is considered a crime? How does the Criminal Justice System work? How is the amount of time determined? Why do African American get more time than the white man? Why are more black men in prison than any other ethnicities? The Criminal Justice System is a social problem within the African AmericanRead MoreReactions and Reflections to Cyndi Banks Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice1060 Words   |  4 PagesReactions and Reflections on Readings in Cynd i Banks Criminal Justice Ethics: Theory and Practice Introduction No serious-minded individual over the age of twelve actually thinks that justice and ethical issues involved in criminality are purely black-and-white or clear-cut issues of good and bad. The first chapters of Cyndi Banks (2008) Criminal Justice Ethics, however, make it clear that the issues of right and wrong in the criminal justice system are far more complex, specific, and subtle thanRead MoreThe Worldwide Criminal Justice System1468 Words   |  6 Pagespaper, I will describe what worldwide criminal justice systems are doing to address the criminal issues I identified. I will talk about the terrorist group ISIS about the crimes they have committed. Then I will discuss how the worldwide criminal justice system handled the crime. The last thing I will discuss is the effectiveness of the systems response and include suggestions for future responses to combat or prevent these crimes. The Criminal justice system have begun to monitor the Arab communityRead MoreCriminal Justice1385 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Criminal justice Criminal Justice Trends Criminal justice field is growing every day. It grows with the help of technology and society. When the technology evolves and society grows the criminal justice has to evolve and grow to fit the society needs. Whether it is an easy or hard change the criminal justice system never fails us. With any state the criminal justice system is to protect and serve the community so the more it evolves the more the system has to. The following

Barack Trump s Presidential Election Essay - 1105 Words

June 16 2015 is when Donald Trump formally announced his candidacy, and also the day the United States lost the world’s respect. At no point during any election have Americans witnessed a presidential campaign as radicalized as Trump’s. For decades, the United States was always known as the promised land for the American Dream, but suddenly that all changed. America was no longer referred to as the land of the free due to this result of this presidential election, which revealed the other side of the United States society. Trump’s campaign was based on everything that America went against such as racism, hate crimes, religious segregation, and sexism. After the results of the 2016 presidential election, we see Trump’s victory as a gateway for norms of racism, hate crimes, religious segregation and sexism to be allowed in America. Donald Trump is a businessman who somehow entered the world of politics for the first time and managed to gain the electoral votes to clinch the presidency of the United States. During his campaign run Trump was clearly a perpetrator of racism and did not shy away from his ideas on race. He told CNN in June 2015, â€Å"when Mexico sends its people†¦.they’re bringing drugs, they’re bringing crime, they’re bringing rapists.’’ He also stated that he would â€Å"build a great, great wall on our southern border and I will have Mexico pay for that wall’’ on June 16, 2015 while he was announcing his candidature (Kopan). His choices of words for a person in aShow MoreRelatedU.s. Obama s Campaign1276 Words   |  6 Pagesworld. The same world that today asks Siri, if Donald Trump was wearing a toupee in last night’s presidential debate. To its simplicity, individuals must adjust to the latest innovations and advancements. Compar able, politicians are obligated to rethink their campaign strategy, according to the current technology and developments. In other words, Hilary Clinton’s campaign cannot and will not be the same as Bill Clinton s. Why not? Because voter s attention is not obtained correspondingly in the yearRead MoreThe President Of The United States832 Words   |  4 Pagesfacing imminent doom considering the two frontrunners for the 2016 Presidential election are currently Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Controversy surrounds both candidates due to demagogic comments from Trump and an FBI investigation looming over Clinton. Political parties divide the the two nominees and set up for a fierce debate if they are chosen to represent America in the vital election of 2016. Donald J. Trump’s Presidential campaign began with much fanfare. Many saw the reality show starsRead MoreHistory Is The Study Of Past Events Essay1459 Words   |  6 Pagesshort Lincoln s 2nd Inaugural Address touches on many aspects. Lincoln states what ultimately was the cause of the Civil War which was slavery. He then goes on to mention what the punishment is and then finishes off his Inaugural Address with a call for reconciliation. Upon reading Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address I couldn’t help but think about what it would be like if President Barack Obama would have read Lincoln’s 2nd Inaugural Address, in todays society. In light of the presidential campaign betweenRead MorePresident Obama Is The President Of The United States852 Words   |  4 Pages though it s lessening by the weeks. Here is a highlight of who is, who was and possibly who might be the next president of the United States. The citizens of the United States of America will select the 45th President of the United States on 8th November 2016. President Barack Obama is not qualified for re-election due to term restrictions established in the Constitution. The victor of the 2016 presidential balloting will be confirmed into office on 20th January 2017. Donald Trump is consideredRead MoreThe Election Day Is Near Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesElection Day is near. Now springs to life, more so than normally, an exaggerated sense of importance expressed by the liberal media--as well as many prominent blacks themselves--of African-American voting in a presidential election. This baseless and erroneous agreement among these pontificators of race and politics in this country--perhaps the leader of all of them being Barack Obama s unofficially appointed Potentate of All Things Black in America From Sea to Shining Sea, Reverend Al Sharpton--thatRead MoreDonald Trump Has A Rough Month Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesDonald Trump has certainly had a rough month. Between his poor debate performances on September 26th and October 9th (and Pence s inability to provide a decisive win on October 4th s Vice Presidential Debate), videos of him bragging about sexual assault and predicting he will be dating a young girl in 10 years, and Hillary Clin ton s poll numbers rising despite new WikiLeaks reports coming out against her, Trump can t seem to catch a break. Despite the fact that some polls (see Rasmussen ReportsRead MoreKenny Chung. Ms. Flores . English 3-4 . April 15, 2017.1129 Words   |  5 Pagesnot, a bitterly fought election. These speeches are always recalled all through history and fill in as the first official speech discourse from the recently chose president. A discourse is an intense device. It can educate, illustrate, induce, or fill in as enjoyment. Any discourse made spots significant attention on the dialect used to achieve its objectives, yet political addresses, particularly inaugurals, put a much higher significance than most. Not so for Donald Trump. In his first remarksRead MoreThe Race Of Presidency : 2016 United States Presidential Election1116 Words   |  5 PagesManuel Amado Professor Yale R Magrass SOA 305-01 March 29, 2016 The Race to Presidency The 2016 United States presidential election is coming to a close with five candidates left running for the seat. But only three of them gets the most attention of the mass media. One Donald J Trump who is a multi-Billionaire, TV personality, and a businessman. The other former first lady who is running for a second consecutive time since her lost to president Obama back in 2008. And then there is Bernie SandersRead MoreElection Of 2016. The Country Is A Divided Political Entity1259 Words   |  6 PagesElection of 2016 The country is currently a divided political entity. A large part of the nation is very involved in the election as well in many parts of the world. They are watching every move each candidate makes and pulling apart each sentence said now and comparing it to their previous interviews and standings. Everyone in the world is also awaiting the results of this very eventful election so far. November 8, 2016 will be a day in history no one will forget. It is the day when everyone getsRead MoreThe Woman Card Was Written By Jill Lepore 27 Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesreaders to be informed and make educated opinions. Lepore likes to talk about the past and contrast it to the present. This is a very great way to inform readers of the history and sacrifices women had to go through to get where we are today. The women s party has only been around 100 years, this year, and without it, our country would not be where it is today. I thought that Hillary was going to be the first women presid ent, instead we have the first president who has never held a political office.

Jails and Prisons Free Essays

The Differences of Prisons and Jails Kenitra Evans CRJ303 Instructor Martin McAuliffe March 13, 2013 There are many differences between jails and prisons. They equally both house offenders but their day to day operations are very different. There are long histories about jails and prisons both and in this paper we will describe the differences of jails and prisons including how they operate and their functions. We will write a custom essay sample on Jails and Prisons or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people hear the words prison and or jail, and they believe that both are one in the same but in reality they are very much different. Jails are correctional facilities that house offenders before or after they are sentenced for their crimes committed. Those individuals that are confined in jails are: * Individuals pending arraignment and awaiting trial, conviction, or sentencing * Probation, parole, and bail bond violators and absconders (Seiter,2011 pg 71) There are many different other reasons jails house inmates. Jails are full service facilities that offer security, food service, medical care, and offender programs and are therefore different from lockups, which are commonly located in police stations and hold people only for a short period of time, usually no more than forty-eight hours. †(Seitter, 2011) Sheriff’s and local governments oversee the day to day operation of jails and there are different jails such as the regional jail which were created because th e basic operations of jails were becoming complicated for small counties and the need for funding to continue operations. There are about 3,600 jails in the United States. â€Å"The size of the jail population is a product of decisions made by various law enforcement entities that the jail serves, the courts, and other segments of the criminal justice system. The size of the jail population is also affected by local, state, and federal laws; crime rates; and public attitudes about crime. †(nicic. gov) The length of stay and those admitted to jails are quite different from prisons. There have been almost 9 to 11 admissions to jail and the average length of stay is 15 to twenty days. Sometimes a person stays longer if they are still fighting a case thus pushing out their court dates which extends their stay provided they cannot afford bail. â€Å"During 2003, 686,437 inmates were admitted to state and federal prisons, 656,320 inmates were released, and the average length of stay for released inmates was 36 months. The jail system booking and release procedures are on a constant whirlwind with bail bonds and so forth. There are different jails as well such as state jails and county jails. In state jails an inmate can spend no more than two years maximum. Prisons Prisons are run by state governments and the Federal Bureau of Prisons. There are only about 100 federal prisons, detention centers, and correctional institutions in the U. S. Prisons were created to house inmates that are serving a sentence of one year or more that are convicted of crimes. Prisons offer more to inmates such as work programs, Halfway houses and other educational programs that could possibly benefit the offender. These sorts of incentives are not offered in jails because inmates are usually serving shorter sentences. There are different facilities such as BOP operated prisons, long term contract facilities and jails/short term facilities. Many offenders in prison are set in place by their security levels. Some are deemed as low risk, medium risk or high risk offenders which determine where they are housed. The prison budget has been over exceeded with the operations and also building more prisons to prevent overcrowding. Corrections is the fifth-largest area of state spending after Medicaid, secondary education, higher education and transportation. State spending on prisons has swelled as the nation’s jail and prison population has climbed to 2. 3 million people, or about one in every 100 adults. But grim budget realities are forcing state lawmakers’ hand. †(pewtrusts. org) There is a difference in jails and prisons as well as how they are operated. Prisons house offenders that have been convicted of crimes whereas jails house those awaiting trial as well as those serving shorter sentences. Prisons and jails have come a long way and there will be more changes to come with the world’s crime rate as it is. References At Least 23 States Cut Funding for Prisons This Year, August 11, 2009 The Pew Charitable Trusts http://www. pewtrusts. org/our_work_report_detail. aspx? id=54481 Corrections: An Introduction; Richard P. Seiter 3rd edition 2011 Upper Saddle River New York Jail Resource Issues What Every Funding Authority Need to Know, Gary M. Bowker February 2002 http://static. nicic. gov/Library/017372. pdf How to cite Jails and Prisons, Essay examples Jails and Prisons Free Essays One of the key cornerstones of the criminal justice system is the correctional system, specifically the correctional facilities. Prisons and jails are examples of correctional facilities that help keep the criminal justice system running smoothly and efficiently. Without these facilities, there would be no place for criminals to serve their sentences, and no one would really be safe. We will write a custom essay sample on Jails and Prisons or any similar topic only for you Order Now Although prison and jail seem to be interchangeable words, they actually mean two different types of correctional facilities. According to â€Å"Prisons and Jails† (n. d.) website, Prisons are run by the state or federal government officers for adults who are convicted criminals sentenced for at least a year or more, the adults are confined for the sole reason of punishment for crime, and release (parole for example) will only happen after mandatory time is served. On the other hand, jails are run by regional, county or city officers (Prisons and Jails, n. d. ). Convicted criminals sentenced to jail time typically are sentenced for less than a year, but they are not the only people that could be present in jail. As well as convicted criminals, there are people in jail for protective custody, being held in contempt, or just pending arraignment (Prisons and Jails, n. d. ). Jails contain a variety of people including juveniles, adults, men and women, repeat offenders, and first-time criminals. Jails are very important to the criminal justice system because they hold inmates for a brief amount of time, but they can make a huge impact. They help reform first time offenders, offer many different types of programs, classes, and work releases in order to help a person rejoin the ways of society and the social norms of the community. Locally in St. Cloud, Minnesota there is the Stearns County Jail. This jail is divided into several different sections including the Work Release section, the holding cells, medical cells, separation cells, and six different housing units. Within the housing unit there are 108 beds, there are 12 holding cells, 8 separation cells, and 2 medical cells (Jail FAQs, 2012). The jail is in place to hold inmates for up to one year after their final sentencing. In contrast there is a prison also located in St.Cloud, Minnesota. In this correctional facility there are 981 inmates currently residing within its walls (MCF-St. Cloud, n. d. ). This facility is limited to men only, but is unlimited as to how long a man can reside within its boundaries. There are no work release programs like there is within the jail facility, but instead there are educational programs to help inmates earn their GED, and even help inmates with vocational training in barbering and masonry (MCF-St. Cloud, n. d. ). Within any prison setting there are two different cultures at work at the same time. The basic culture of prison is the structured rules that are patrolled at monitored by prison guards and staff (Schmalleger,2011). Beyond the basic standards of prison culture there is an underlying feeling of a whole other culture, a subculture, of prison life that goes way beyond the basic standards of the prison culture. This subculture evolves from the prisoners that dwell within the walls of the prison, laying out their own code of â€Å"ethics and conduct† so to speak. The subculture lays out the inmate rules of how to act, and if someone does not follow these rules they can become subject to the subcultures type of punishment. Another aspect of the subculture in prison would be the language and slang used within the prison. Within almost every prison, there is the existence of slang terms that inmates learn, adopt, and use in order to communicate with one another (Schmalleger, 2011). A third part of prison subculture would be the existence of homosexuality. According to accounts within the text of Schmalleger (2011), right after being brought into prison inmates are sometimes classified for homosexual relations, most of which are brought on by prison conditions not by a homosexual disposition that had existed prior to incarceration. Those who already have had the homosexual disposition prior to incarceration tend to promote their feminine ways in prison instead of toning it back. Violence within prison is quite common. One type of violence that relates directly within the subculture of prison would be prison rape. Although starting in 2003 there have been programs put in place (PREA) to help put an end to this sort of violent and demeaning act, there is still rape occurring within prisons across the nation (Schmalleger, 2011). More typical violence occurs within prison as well, and most of these fights occur when someone breaks the code of ethics within the subculture of prison. Probation and parole are two positive endings for a person who has been incarcerated. Probation is when a person’s sentence is suspended as long as they stick to certain conditions of an agreement (Value of probation and parole, n. d. ). Violating the conditions of this agreement can result in the person being brought back into incarceration to serve the rest of their sentence. Parole is when a person is allowed a conditional, early release from their prison sentence. In order for a person to be able to receive parole, they need to appear before the parole board (Value of probation and parole, n. d. ). Parole and probation do a lot of positive actions for the criminal justice system and the community. Within the criminal justice system having these in place makes it so that there is less chance for prison overcrowding, while also reducing criminal socialization and chances of repeating an offense. Within the community these programs help keep families together, while also improving the chances of a successful rehabilitation (Value of probation and parole, n. d. ). The entire correctional branch of the criminal justice system is a very complex one, with intricate factors that are circumstantial within each specific correctional facility. Violence exists within the correctional facilities, but with the availability of parole and probation violence rates might diminish. The only other way to truly get violence rates down is for prison and jail guards, officers, and wardens to monitor subculture activities, behaviors, and â€Å"norms† in order to keep prison violence and rape under control. Without the guidance and help of the correctional facilities, no criminals could be rehabilitated successfully and the public would not be safe. How to cite Jails and Prisons, Papers

Technology and Young Children for Educators-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theTechnology and Young Children for Educators. Answer: Childhood education and their personal development in academic are very complex and challenging task for the childcare educators and also for the entire management. It is a complex task that requires an utmost understanding of few most important things such as the use of technology and maintaining a balance between the used technology the natural needs of the children (Shonkoff et al., 2012). Educators nowadays are more or less aware of the benefits of the technology in the earlier education of small kids. However, they are not very well versed with the way that helps to tackle the complexity of managing a balance between technology and the natural needs of kids. The current policy context encourages the childhood educators to cope with the complexity, which is there in teaching the kids in a technological environment (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov, 2017). Technology helps child get things quicker; however, on the other hand, it should not be misused. A limited use of technology when it is requi red is still okay; however, an extensive use of the same might affect the natural process of kids. Kids are known to have their desire to play with other kids in their spare time. They spend their significant time in playing with the other kids. The use of technology therefore should be used in a way that it does not affect the naturalness that a child has. The challenge to understand a balanced approach while using the technology for teaching purpose has made this topic discussable (Cristia et al., 2012). The main purpose of this assignment is to review the different literatures that have been selected for this study. Moreover, the study will also investigate the identified issue, which is technology and young children in a broader sense. According to Blackwell, Lauricella Wartella (2014), the use of digital technology at the very early age of childhood is growing in popularity. This has shown some positive trends from the kids. However, according to the authors, there are still numerous conflicting thoughts on the importance of digital technology for the childhood education at the early age. Authors have further explained that few are in support of a successful embracement of the digital technology in the school kids curriculum. On the other hand, some have entirely refused the importance of technology at the very early childhood age. According to those, digital technology has of no use in the modern classroom. According to them, latest technology will produce a negative impact on the school kids. However, there are some as well who support the use of technology in the childhood curriculum but they are not sure of the ways to implement such technologies successfully and integrate this with the traditional study curr iculum. The authors Blackwell, Lauricella Wartella (2014) have been able to find tree different views on the use of technology in the school curriculum such as technology is beneficial for a quick development of kids, technology will negatively affect the progress of kids and technology is difficult to be integrated with the traditional style of learning. In the opinion of Donahoo (2014), screens are required to be managed. The author has supported the two of the different views presented by Blackwell, Lauricella Wartella (2014), which is the need of technology inception in the childhood curriculum in schools and the difficulties of integrating this with the study curriculum. Donahoo (2014) has argued that parents are letting their kids observed the use of technology at their home. According to the author, parents themselves watch television for an average of eight long hours. During such times, little kids observe their parents while watching the television. If parents really do want that their kids remain away from the use of technology then it is important that they learn on how to manage the screens. They should rather look on the benefits of the digital technology rather than discouraging their kids from using technology in their studies. As opined by Sims (2015), it is important for the educators to understand that the different technology device should be used for a better development of kids. The author has supported the views of Donahoo (2014) and to some extent the views of Blackwell, Lauricella Wartella (2014) by stating the importance of technology in early education and also the difficulties of implementing the same. Sims (2015) has said that in a world where little kids are exposed to different forms of technological devices such as Tablet, Smartphone, and Computer. In such situation, it is meaningless to restrict the use of technological device for the kids. The author has rather supported a fact that modern technological devices will rather help the kids develop their personality more efficiently. The author has emphasised on the ways that could help integrate the different technological devices with the early school kids curriculum in order to attain a maximum growth in child. Stevenson et al. (2015) has further exemplified the facts presented by the authors Donahoo (2014) and Sims (2015) by stating that an app should be developed in order to digitalise the educational modes for the little school kids. The author has supported a fact that skids in nowadays is very much exposed to the different technological devices such as Tablet and Smartphone. It is then necessary to use such devices in an appropriate direction to give the little kids a defined and a modernised way to progress with. In the age of digitalisation it is of significant worth to develop numerous learning apps on mobile. Such mobile apps will be really helpful and engaging also. Such apps will produce an entertaining way to teach the kids. They would probably find this comparatively interesting to learn different new things at their early age. As opined by Yelland, Gilbert Turner (2014), iPads is one of the better ways, which could help the kids in an intelligent development of their personality. The device can be used for entertaining purpose while supplying the learning materials at the same time. Moreover, such a way of learning while playing will help the kids to grow with more intelligence and excellence. The author has supported the views of Stevenson et al. (2015) by stating the fact that modern technological device such as iPads is extremely helpful in making the kids understand the learning materials in a comparatively easier way. In the video, it has been shown that using technology to educate the kids will yield an elevated success. In the video, it has been stated that in the age of technology it is advisable to take the available leverages. Emphasis has been given to the fact that there is no pint of skipping away from using technological devices for teaching the kids. According to the video, the use of technology such as the different kinds of mobile learning apps will help the kids grab things much easier than the traditional format of learning (Resources for Early Learning, 2017). This is very much evident from all the above discussions from the different authors of the selected articles and the chosen video that the use of technology will be advantageous in the childhood educational system provided if it is controlled with utter understanding of the pros and the cons of the technology. According to the majority of the views, it is evident that technology such as the technological devices should be used for educating the school kids. However, educators should also understand a fact that the use of technology should happen in a controlled manner. They need to understand the complexity of the use of technology in the schools. The role is complex but it is needed to be done in order to enhance the learning capability of the existing school curriculum (Blackwell, 2013). There are different mobile apps that can be used for variety of purposes for educating the kids. Learning the English alphabets through mobile apps dedicated especially to the alphabets learning will help the kids learn the alphabets efficiently. Such apps not only present the different alphabets in a interesting way but it also represent the different alphabets with different and suitable background sounds. It is an undeniable fact that sounds and music excite the kids. In such situation, it is understandable that educating the kids in an entertaining way would yield better results than the traditional format of learning. It is also because kids are now exposed to televisions and the different technological devices more than ever. They have started understanding this as a good resource to learn new thing. Such new thing can be anything for them (Ciampa, 2014). It is then immensely required to make them understand that the different technological device should be used in a rightful m anner. The manner, which will help the kids learn various new thing, which can be either academic or the general thing. However, there should always be a controlling needs identified by the teachers or the parents. They should know the needs to control and the level where it is required to be controlled. The exposure to different mobile app is required but up to an accepted level. The accepted level needs to be understood, which is not less than a challenge to present day childhood teachers and the parents. The teachers in the digital age need to realise the importance of technology as well as they also need to understand the degree of level, which should be allowed to the kids to interact with the technological options of study. A controlled use of technology to educate the kids is what actually required to be incepted in the school curriculum (Herold, 2015). I have some personal experience working in an educational centre. The experience has made me understood quite a few thing. In the role, I came to know that kids have high interest in them for the different technologies that are popular today. They love using the iPads, Smartphone and Computer. I relatively found this easier to make them understood the course syllabus through the use of technological devices such as apps on iPads. They were expressive for the things that have been taught to them on technological device. They had high interest in such form of learning. The experience has made me understood the importance of technological gadgets in educating the kids in their early childhood (McManis Gunnewig, 2012). Additionally, I also found that there were few educators, which have their less faith on the benefits of using the technological gadgets for educating the kids in their early childhood education (Merchant, 2012). They believed that the use of technological device will neg atively affect the kids. Such educators have entirely ignored the importance of technological gadgets. The workforce was very less cooperative on innovative things, which is also a fact behind the negligence of using the technology for the educational purpose (Camisn Villar-Lpez, 2014). The policies at the workplace had no yet realised the importance of technology for learning purpose. The institution where I had once worked need to have a revised policy set, which will support the use of technological device at the education point to teach the kids in their childhood stage (Knapp Ferrante, 2012). There are ample of positivists of using or incepting the use of technological device at the early childhood educational centres. The first and foremost positivist is the atmosphere that it creates among the early childhood kids. Little kids have their tendency to play all the time. It is rather difficult to attract them towards learning. This is where the usage of technological devices or the mobile apps become useful in delivering the much needed atmosphere to the kids. It helps to deliver the atmosphere where kids enjoy while learning the course materials. It is like learning while playing (Wu et al., 2012). It gives them pleasure to work on the technological gadgets. Kids are nowadays extensively explored to different media and the technological systems. They have now started loving the use of technologies. In such case, it is extremely important to understand the importance of the opportunities that the technology provides. Kids are explored to such technologies for their differe nt reasons; however, if they could be made explored to the gadgets for learning purpose they will rather enjoy each and every moment of such session (Chaudron et al., 2015). The technology helps kids in grabbing things quicker. They are quick absorber of learning materials when they are taught using the different mobile apps or the iPads. In the opinion of Ciampa (2014), kids are found to be more engaged when they are put into study on the tablets. They are found engaged and entirely immersed in the process while having little or no knowledge of the surrounding world. It is evident that their concentration level is high while they are studying on the tablets. The fact has further emphasised on the importance of implementing the different technologies at the educational platform. The fact has shown an utter need of implementing the technological device for the study purpose at the early childhood level of education (West, 2013). Education on the different forms of technological platform does also contribute in making the kids a creative thinker in their early ages. Interaction with the different technological device helps the kids in developing themselves as a serious thinker that has high values to creativity. Nevertheless, creativity is very important in evolving the self personality as a successful professional. Creativity is of high use in the every aspects of life. It guides through the different phases such as at the time of education, during the professional career and so on (Ohler, 2013). Despite all the benefits that the technology has in the childhood education, it is also contaminated with little negativity as well. It has broadly been discussed through this study that a controlled usage of the technological gadgets needs to be understood by the educators. This is required to prevent the kids from misusing the technology. This is because it has few negative impacts, which can affect the personal and the professional development of kids. An addiction to the technological gadgets will lead to a destructive career where the kids will see such gadgets as a mode of entertainment only (Muduli, 2014). They will start entertaining themselves with such devices. Nevertheless, they can easily play games, watch cartons and many more on the Smartphone or the Tablet. This is because of such reason it is important to put them to such devices under a strict control of the educators and the parents. However, this is also undeniable that it is indeed a challenge to understand a cont rolled operation of the technological devices. Medically, this is also unadvisable to have a prolonged staying on the technological devices. This is extremely harmful for eyes. It emits certain radiations that affect the eyes and becomes responsible for poor eyesight as well. Poor eyesight is a very common consequence of a prolonged staying on the technological gadgets (Muduli, 2014). This is for such reasons lot have been discussed in this study about a controlled approach for implementing the use of technology in the early childhood educational centres. To conclude the study, it can be said that the adoption of technology in the different forms of apps and gadgets in the early childhood educational institution is indeed a very productive option. This helps in developing the kids as a creative thinker who is innovative enough to understand the right or wrong for him or her in their personal or professional development. They have high concentrations when they are put into the different technological devices for educating them on something. A high concentration is indeed required to have a controlled and progressive career. The study has shown many positive points in the use of technology at the childhood educational centres; however, it has also some negative points that need to be controlled. The study has widely discussed the importance of having a controlled progression with the use of technology for educating the kids in their early age. This is necessary to prevent them from the negative aspects that an addiction to the technolog y can produce. Moreover, the use of technology at the various institutions across the globe is immensely required at the early ages of kids. On the other hand, it is also important to have a controlled use of technology in such institutions. This will prevent the kids from being negatively affected by the use of technology. However, this is also challenging to understand the safe level of using the technology. Educators those who are yet to implement the technology at the basic level of education, they are required to understand the safe use of technology in order to justify the usage of technology. References Blackwell, C. (2013). Teacher practices with mobile technology: integrating tablet computers into the early childhood classroom.Journal of Education Research,7(4), 1-25. Blackwell, C. K., Lauricella, A. R., Wartella, E. (2014). Factors influencing digital technology use in early childhood education.Computers Education,77, 82-90. Camisn, C., Villar-Lpez, A. (2014). Organizational innovation as an enabler of technological innovation capabilities and firm performance.Journal of business research,67(1), 2891-2902. Chaudron, S., Beutel, M. E., Donoso Navarrete, V., Dreier, M., Fletcher-Watson, B., Heikkil, A. S., ... Mascheroni, G. (2015). Young Children (0-8) and digital technology: A qualitative exploratory study across seven countries. Ciampa, K. (2014). Learning in a mobile age: an investigation of student motivation.Journal of Computer Assisted Learning,30(1), 82-96. Cristia, J., Ibarrarn, P., Cueto, S., Santiago, A., Severn, E. (2012). Technology and child development: Evidence from the one laptop per child program. Donahoo, D. (2014). Screens have changed our policies will too.Every Child,20(4), 20. Henderson, S., Yeow, J. (2012, January). iPad in education: A case study of iPad adoption and use in a primary school. InSystem science (hicss), 2012 45th hawaii international conference on(pp. 78-87). IEEE. Herold, B. (2015). Why ed tech is not transforming how teachers teach.Education Week,34(35), 8. Knapp, K. J., Ferrante, C. J. (2012). Policy awareness, enforcement and maintenance: Critical to information security effectiveness in organizations.Journal of Management Policy and Practice,13(5), 66. McManis, L. D., Gunnewig, S. B. (2012). Finding the education in educational technology with early learners.YC Young Children,67(3), 14. Merchant, G. (2012). Mobile practices in everyday life: Popular digital technologies and schooling revisited.British Journal of Educational Technology,43(5), 770-782. Muduli, J. R. (2014).Addiction to technological gadgets and its impact on health and lifestyle: a study on college students(Doctoral dissertation). ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (2017). [online] ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2756772/ [Accessed 14 Oct. 2017]. Ohler, J. B. (2013).Digital storytelling in the classroom: New media pathways to literacy, learning, and creativity. Corwin Press. Resources for Early Learning. (2017).Module: Integrating Media and Technology into Curriculum: Resources for Early Learning. [online] Available at: https://resourcesforearlylearning.org/educators/module/20/19/ [Accessed 14 Oct. 2017]. Shonkoff, J. P., Richter, L., van der Gaag, J., Bhutta, Z. A. (2012). An integrated scientific framework for child survival and early childhood development.Pediatrics,129(2), e460-e472. Sims, M. (2015). Technology in early childhood: The future is today. Every Child, 21(2).26-27 Stevenson, M., Hedberg, J., Highfield, K., Diao, M. (2015). Visualizing Solutions: Apps as Cognitive Stepping-Stones in the Learning Process.Electronic Journal of e-Learning,13(5), 366-379. West, D. M. (2013). Mobile learning: Transforming education, engaging students, and improving outcomes.Brookings Policy Report, 1-7. Wu, W. H., Hsiao, H. C., Wu, P. L., Lin, C. H., Huang, S. H. (2012). Investigating the learning?theory foundations of game?based learning: a meta?analysis.Journal of Computer Assisted Learning,28(3), 265-279. Yelland, N., Gilbert, C. Turner, N. (2014) iPlay, iLearn, iGrow. Using iPads in a play based kindergarten program. every child. 20(3). 14-15.

Analyzing arguments within a controversy

Economic Report of Ford essays

Economic Report of Ford essays In 1974, there was a large rise in oil prices which gave a large amount of purchasing power to the oil-producing companies. "Inflation, strong demands for credit, and the unwillingness of the monetary authorities to underwrite a continued acceleration of inflation drove interest rates upward, causing a slump in housing."(The Economic Report of the President 1975) Another weakening effect of the higher and "variable" rate of inflation was how uncertain the nation was regarding future rates of price increase. When 1975 began, the unemployment rate was at the highest level it had been in seventeen years. Production and unemployment were declining very fast. To increase business and industry and to create new jobs, Ford proposed a one year tax reduction of $16 billion. He said that three-quarters would go to individuals and one-quarter would be used to promote business investment. Ford said in his 1975 State of the Union Address that "cutting taxes now is essential if we are to turn the economy around. He also proposed a program that he said would "begin to restore our countrys surplus capacity in total energy. In this way we will be able to assure ourselves reliable and adequate energy and help foster a new world energy stability In 1976, the unemployment rate had declined by one percentage point, but it was still too high and must be reduced further. There was a 3.2 percent increase in employment in 1976. Real gross national product (GNP) rose by 6.2 percent, and employment rose by almost 3 million people. In President Fords 1976 State of the Union Address, he asked for additional housing assistance for 500,000 families. He felt that those programs would expand housing opportunities, stimulate construction, and help to house moderate-income ...

Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Final Exam - Assignment Example This is a literary term that was coined from the poem of Rudyard Kipling that satirically described the presumed responsibility of white people to govern and impart their culture to nonwhite people; this concept was often advanced as a justification for European colonialism and imperialism (Easterly 130). After the World War I, there was significant level of disillusionment to the population from the ravaged economy and unfavorable socio-political environment which was more detrimental to youths. Post World War I political strategists created fascism as a tool that would help them consolidate power by appearing to promote the young people who happen to be critical in determine various socio-economic and political behaviors in the country. Benito Mussolini and Hitler promised youth employment and also championed for more freedom to the youth from the traditional overprotective parental control (Aronson 157-9). These factors considerably attracted the youth to fascism in 1920s and 1930s in Europe. The geopolitics of the world changed significantly after World War II in the following ways; United States became the superpower with significant presence in capitalist allies in Europe like in Britain. Russia remained a communist champion and strengthened their influence in Asian economies like china, Japan among others. United States extended its grip on the politics of Middle East and influenced socio-economic and political agenda amidst strong opposition from the Muslim dominated Arab world like Iran, Iraq among others (Dima 74-9). There is increasing improvement in healthcare and this reflects increased population into the future. There is a possibility of skewed demographics with a larger percentage of older generation and female children due to governments’ campaign for controlled birth for regulation of population. This indicates that the future demographic structure will shift

Underground Railroad - a historical event from slavery Essay

Underground Railroad - a historical event from slavery - Essay Example Petry argues that slavery began in 1619 when a Dutch trader exchanged African under his custody for food (45). The ownership of African as servants became legal, just as it was for the poor white men who offered labor for their passage to America. In 1680s, the popular racial -based slave system developed. All the slaves wanted freedom, but the problem was how to attain it. Women were in the forefront to liberate the other slaves. Their courage and dedication could not let even their beloved husbands discourage them. Women such as Harriet Tubman, the leader of the Underground Railroad believed that â€Å"freedom was not an option but the only option.† She would always talk about it with her husband until he could get mad and tell her to shut up. Petry reveals the conversation between Harriet and her husband, he says â€Å"You take off and I will tell the Master. I will tell the Master right quick. She stared at him, shocked thinking, he couldn’t, he wouldn’t†¦you don’t mean that, she said slowly.† (85). She wanted freedom and then decided to leave for Philadelphia without the husband. She was ready to pay that price, but that was not enough, she was to come back to free others. In Philadelphia, other women of courage included Henrietta Bowers Duterte. She was an African American; the first black woman to serve as an undertaker in the city. To help save the runaways from the slave catchers, she could hide them inside a basket. This was despite the draconian laws that existed at the time. A good example was the law enacted by the Virginia colony in 1642 to stop those who harbor or assist the runaway slaves. The penalty was 20 pounds of tobacco for sheltering a runaway slave at night. In addition, the slaves were branded after the second attempt of escape (Petry 63). According to Petry, Virginia Assembly passed a law in 1669 which allowed the killing of ‘negros’

Selection Of Needs Analysis Approaches

Selection Of Needs Analysis Approaches ESP (English for Specific Purposes) is defined as an approach to language teaching in which all decisions as to content and method are based on the learners reason for learning (Hutchinson and Waters, 1986). In other words, ESP courses are designed with the intention of meeting learners needs. Moreover, they also indicate that ESP is just one branch of EFL/ESL, the tree of which is nourished from communication and learning. Thus, like other forms of language teaching, ESP courses are designed in order to meet the certain purposes which learners are required to learn English for. They can be academic purposes (EAP) or work/training purposes (EOP/EVP/VESL). In another classification, the purposes of ESP courses can be for Science and Technology, Business and Economics or Social Sciences. As those above-mentioned purposes are quite various, it raises the necessity of Needs Analysis, which is considered as the irreducible minimum of an ESP approach to course design (Hutchinson and Waters , 1986, p54) or a vital step in the process of designing and carrying out any ESP courses (Songhori, 2008) or the very first step of course design process which provides validity and relevancy for all subsequent course design activities (Johns, 1991). With such increasingly importance of Needs Analysis to ESP course designers, this paper is conducted as a practice of carrying out Needs Analysis. However, due to the timing constraint as well as the requirement of the course, the paper just focuses on choosing an appropriate Needs Analysis approach to collecting the information of a specific group of learners needs. The paper also provides a detailed rationale and some samples of the means of data collection in order to support for the selection. NEEDS ANALYSIS THEORIES Since Needs Analysis is performed in order to find out not only the necessity, the lacks and the wants of learners towards the target situations (target needs) but also the learning needs or what learners need to do in order to learn, there exists different approaches to Needs Analysis, namely Target Situation Analysis, Present Situation Analysis, Pedagogic Needs Analysis. Deficiency Analysis, Strategy Analysis or Learning Needs Analysis, Means Analysis, Register Analysis, Discourse Analysis, and Genre Analysis. The term Target Situation Analysis (TSA) was first introduced as communication in the target situation in Chambers article (1980). However, in his book published in 1978, Munby already mentioned the target situation which, according to him, was closely concerned with the target needs and target level of performance and this has been followed by many researchers (Hutchinson and Waters, 1986; Dudley-Evans and St. John, 1998; West, 1994) with inheritance and development. Yet, whatever similarities or differences they share, they all use TSA with the same aim of finding as thoroughly as possible the linguistic form a prospective ESP learner is likely to use in various situations in his target environment. For example, Hutchinson and Waters (1986) considered Target Needs Analysis as in essence a matter of asking questions about the target situation and the attitudes towards that situation of various participants of the learning process (p59) and most of those questions are closely related to Munbys parameters. The second type of Needs Analysis that needs mentioning is PSA or Present Situation Analysis which may be posited as a complementary to target situation analysis (Robinson, 1991). As presented from its term, PSA is used with the attempt to find out the information about learners at the beginning of the course. It may estimate the strength and weaknesses of learners in all aspects, including language, skills as well as learning experiences. It may also involve information about the teaching and learning settings or the user-institutions reference. The information for PSA can come from a well established test or from learners previous learning results. Deficiency analysis or lack analysis is claimed to form the basis of the language syllabus (Jordon, 1997) since it is supposed to provide information about both the present situation and target situation and thus, the gap between them for the course designer to consult. Strategy analysis or learning needs analysis is another important type that the course designer should take into considerations when he/she designing an ESP course. It is concerned with learners view of learning or their learning preferences. It tries to establish how they wish to learn rather than what they need to learn and consequently help course designer to find ways of motivating and enabling learners to reach the goals of the course. Means analysis is considered to provide the course designer with information about the environment in which the course will be run (Dudley-Evans and St. John, 1998, p125) and consequently, the approach attempts to adapt the ESP course to the setting of the learning institution. The last type mentioned in this paper is Pedagogic Needs Analysis proposed by West (1998). It is considered to be a combination of all above-mentioned approaches with the hope to compensate all shortcomings of the above approaches through the combination. However, in some cases, it does not always work. In the history of ESP development, there may exist some other Needs Analysis approaches. However, due to the limit of this paper, only nine above approaches are selected to be briefly described. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TARGET LEARNERS As aforesaid, this paper only focuses on finding a suitable Needs Analysis approach for a specific group of learners. More specifically, they are twenty 2nd-year students of Electronics and Telecommunications Department, College of Technology. They have just finished two terms of General English. According to their learning results of the first two terms, they are pre-intermediate English learners. This ESP course is their 3rd and also the last term of learning English at university and it is supposed to be a preparation for them to be ready for their future career of telecommunication engineers. The course is planned to last four months which will be divided into fifteen weeks of learning. In each week, learners are intended to attend seven 45-minute periods which will be allocated in two different mornings. The institution (i.e. College of Technology) assures to provide all needed facilities for the process of learning and teaching. For instance, essential teaching aids like tape/CD players, computers, projectors and a well-equipped library are always available for use. Teachers are also promised to have best conditions of finding appropriate materials as well as creating teaching environments to assist to process of learning and teaching. Above is all provided information about the target group of the English course for Telecommunication which is taught in the third term of the university curriculum. APPROACH SELECTION WITH A DETAILED RATIONALE In order to support the process of designing the most appropriate and effective course for the above-mentioned target group, it is necessary to give an adequate profile of the above-mentioned learners needs by means of a combination of two approaches: (1) target needs analysis and (2) learning needs analysis. The reasons for such selection are discussed as followed: Firstly, as aforesaid, an ESP course is designed to meet some certain needs of learners by bridging the gap between a current state and a desired or target one (Graves, 2000). Thus, it is necessary for the course designer to be aware of the learners states at both point of time. In other words, he/she is suggested to carry out both TSA and PSA. However, in this situation, since the target group of this ESP course is in their 3rd term at university, the course designer is quite sure about the current state of the learners as well as the current state of the institution facility. He/She knows where the learners are and what the learners lack. He/She also know what kinds of facilities are available to support the process of learning and teaching. Consequently, there is no need of carrying out a PSA for learners existing state of language/skills or the conditions of learning but there must be a necessity of TSA which is supposed to gather adequate and specific information about how the l anguage will be used, what the content areas will be, who the learners will use the language with, where and when the language will be used, etc. (Hutchinson and Waters, 1986) or about purposive domain, setting, interaction, instrumentality, dialect, communicative event, communicative key and target level (Munby, 1978). In conclusion, TSA is hoped to be a reliable indicator which can determine the destination of the course. It can also act as a compass to give the direction for the journey of teaching and learning. Nevertheless, TSA only provides the course designer with the information of the target situation. In other words, TSA can just answer the question of what to teach and how to teach. In this case, that is not enough. As this term is a part of a learning process, it is also crucial for the course designer to take into considerations the learners learning preferences. Thus, the employment of another needs analysis (i.e. learning needs analysis/LSA) is a good choice to make the process of course design perfect. Moreover, it is believed that the learning preferences and strategies for GE (general English) may be different from those for ESP. As a result, the course designer needs to know these differences in order to design an appropriate course for most of the learners. All in all, a combination of TSA and LSA is considered inevitable and is expected to offer the ESP course designer a full profile of both target situation and learning preferences for the 3rd-year students of Electronics and Telecommunications Department, College of Technology. SAMPLES OF THE MEANS FOR DATA COLLECTION As decided in the previous part, a combination of TSA and LSA is employed to give a detailed profile of target situation and learning preferences in order to support the design of the English course for Telecommunication. More specifically, both formal and informal means will be used to collect the data for the needs analysis at the beginning and during the course. At the beginning of the course, formal interviews with the managers of some telecommunication foreign companies will be carried out to identify the target situations in which learners will have to use the language. Below is some sample questions that may be included in the interview: Who will your employees speak English to? Native or non-native speakers? What is their level of main interlocutors knowledge? Expert or layman? Where will your employees have to use English? In the office, at the workshop or in the meetings? Can you mention some other situations? Firstly, an informal questionnaire with both closed and open-ended questions will be delivered to learners to find out the preferences of learners learning. Below is one sample question that may be included in the questionnaire: What kinds of materials do you want to work with in the course? (Please tick on the box the materials you want to work with) Textbooks provided by teachers Authentic materials (manuals, articles about telecommunication in newspaper, magazines, etc.) provided by teachers Authentic materials (manuals, articles about telecommunication in newspaper, magazines, etc.) searched and selected by learners A mixed use of all kinds Informal interviews with ex-learners (i.e. learners who already took the English course of Telecommunication) will be also utilized to specify the information of what they think should be included in the course as well as the way they think the best way to learn the target language. Below is a potential question that may be included in the interview In your point of view, which is the most important language skill that learners of this ESP course should improve? Reading? Speaking? Writing? Or listening? Why do you think so? During the course, another informal questionnaire will be delivered to learners of the course in order to check whether the course goes right or not.

Journalism Debate Paper Topic: Face book Essay

The word â€Å"media† is often characterized as form of communication, which can be sort as television, television, radio, and newspaper. Its primary purpose is to provide essential information about the latest happening around the community, which will supplement interest of the public as a part of the society. For the longest the important role of media for the people can be cited as the protector of the over all interest of the public with its popular tagline as the watch dog of the society. (Tech Terms) For long period of existence media is a part of the society, which its importance and application had encounter evolution that enhances its power to assist people. In modern time where the ways of living is said to be changing from old to modern the use of media in the society had added its application as a socializing tool to enforce better links for the people. With modern technology allows the media to be a socializing tool for the public via internet social networking. One of the better exemplar of this internet social networking is the facebook, which is design for socialization application in the internet. Although, it can be argued whether the internet enhances or not process of strong community bond. Nevertheless, it is clear that internet makes new possible connection, which provides people a different way of to socialize and be connected by means of social networking sites. (Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication) This paper will explore the facts about the importance and role of media in the society as socializing tool, which has the profound ability to bring the people together and improve the socializing process of the people by means of internet media social networking like the facebook. Therefore, this paper will determine media as a primary source of information in the society as a major contributor to improve the socializing process of the society. Furthermore, this paper will establish social networking is unifying force in our society, brings us together through internet social networking. I Argue that media’s internet social networking is effective as a unifying force for the society in which brings together the people. With its full potential to make a link to people from different countries all over the world, media as social networking is definitely a unifying force, which has the ability to unite the society and the people globally. Also, I argue that social networking does not distract the moral value of socializing and its importance in the community. Rather social networking is tool that provides an accessible way to socialize people online, which can lead to personal socialization depends exchange of information. Media’s social networking is tool in which people can use to socialize without any discrimination on races and culture as person the person is familiar with computer operating procedure is concern social networking is accessible for everyone. I argue that social networking will be classified as a distraction to the real duties of civic life – because it has its own characteristics of society as the online community, which online base community where group of people with same goals and interests exchange information using web tools. (Web Strategist) Therefore, social networking does not distract community socializing in real life rather it broadens the process socializing to unify people together and be connected globally. In present time, countries from all around the globe are now globally connected By means of modern technology the internet, with this international relation of people is achievable by means of internet connection under the social networking or better known as the online community. Social networking or online community is a socializing tool in which the act of socializing is based online. Social networking was designed to provide the people an easy way to socialize with the use of online internet. Therefore, people from all around the world were able to get friend and meet other people from other countries in different races. The â€Å"facebook† is a perfect model of an effective social networking site. As a social networking site, face book was designed by a by two sophomore student in Harvard University namely Mark Zuckerberg and Chris Hughes in February 2004. One year after its groundwork in 2004, facebook already gather 12. million users from 2,000 colleges and universities (Ncaa. org). As a social networking site facebook is more popular among students from college and high school. At present time facebook site now have more than 70 million active users from the – Untied States, United Kingdom and from countries around the world. Facebook is now the 2nd most-trafficked social media site in the world with More than 65 billion page views per month (Facebook). The Data shows that face book is an effective social networking, which the people are using it socialize. Just like any other social networking sites, facebook offers its user to socialize globally in able to meet new people as sign of socializing. Also, the site of facebook is characterized as an online community in which its users are from all around the world. Facebook data show that 45 percent of users return to the site each day and More than 6 million active user groups on the site. Aside from socializing the applications of facebook are used by its user as a site where they can share their photo in which more than 14 million photos uploaded daily in the site. Nevertheless, the most important fact about facebook is that people spend an average of 25 minutes only on the site daily. With these facts about the user’s statistics of facebook, it is clear to say that facebook as media social networking does not take away the essence of civic socializing rather it improves and broaden the social capabilities of the community. With the fact that people uses facebook as an alternative connection to – socialize, gather and share information, it is clear that media social networking sites are made to unite the people. Furthermore, statistics shows that people spend an average of 25 minutes only on the site daily is a clear indication that social networking does not distract the real duties of civic life instead provides the people better way to socialize. In the end, it is determined that media serves as a unifying force in the community in which it brings the people together. Media as social networking tool does not distract the essence of civic socializing instead it improves the way people socialize by means of social networking sites. Facebook as a social networking is site that does not distract or take away the real duties of civic life in terms of socializing instead it enhances the process of socializing, which brings the people together. Works Cited Tech Terms (2008), Definition of Media: TechTerms. com: Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. techterms. com/definition/media Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (2007) The Benefits of Face book â€Å"Friends:† Social Capital and College Students’ Use of Online Social Network Sites: Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://jcmc. indiana. edu/vol12/issue4/ellison. html Web Strategist (n. d) Defining the Term â€Å"Online Community†: Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. web-strategist. com/blog/2007/12/28/defining-the-term-community/ NCAA. org (n,d), Cyber Communities: Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. ncaa. org/sportsmanship/social_networking_ppt. pdf Facebook (2008) Press Room: Retrieved April 16, 2008 from http://www. facebook. com/press/info. php? statistics

Liquidity Measurement Ratios

TESTS , the basic findings to be focused are the ratio analysis to generate company's profitability, liquidity and asset management. First of all let us focus on the liquidity measurement ratios that proves company's solvency In repaying debts and other liabilities. In comparison of 2013 & 2014, the Interpretation from current ratio can be drawn as higher the current ratio higher the capability of paying obligations. Here in our study the current ratio In 2013 Is less than 1 that Indicates the company has problems of paying.Comparatively In 2014 the ratio Is greater than 1 . The indication Is quite good. The quick ratio meets company's short term liabilities. The higher the ratio, higher the company's ability for repaying short term liableness. Here for both the year 2013 the quick ratio In associate with the current ratio Is almost zero. It has negative effect on company but for 2014 the quick ratio Is better. It Indicates company Is In good liquidly position and It has 2. 5 lulls a ssets to cover its current liability. Now In the phase of profitability analysis return on asset is better in 201 3 than 2014. E higher return on asset Shows Company earning more with less investment. If we look at the return on capital employed the 2014 data shows higher value than the 2013. It signifies company is employing its capital appropriately and generating shareholders value. From the above discussion we can conclude company's position from 2013 to 2014 is better irrespective of its solvency and capital generation as well as profitability growth. For forecasting companies income statement we can use few assumptions like revenue assumption,operating expenses, cost of revenue, operating margin assumption.By following the record for the past data the future income statement can be predicted. If we discuss them one by one we can have a clear idea. For revenue if we analyses the past year records it can be noticed its fluctuation year by year. In 2012 the company having higher position in revenue than its position from 2013 & 14. By observing the operating expenses we can have the higher data in 2014 than 201 3 and in 2012 the lowest data. The operating expenses shows in which area the company can curtail its expenses before damaging the company situation.

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